Well, here- ah they have an Irish name, most of them. ... Peter and ah names like that you-know. For the- you can tell pretty well by the names but the younger fry is getting away from all that kind of s-- different altogether.

Bin- bin scotch, you-know my mother binned scotch, she- she had everything pretty well figured out.

Interview: Was there a place to put the pigs food? Speaker: Yes, you always kept it in some corner pretty well covered by itself so that if a cow or-anything got loose or if one of the animals got loose, it would't get into the hash, they love hash.

... he would get his two horses and the uh, wagon and he would uh, stay on the ground with his fork and lift the hay onto the wagon and mother would uh- well the horses pretty well went themselves, you just uh, put the reins onto the uh, um, wagon someplace and uh, mother would- would drive, plus when my father would put the hay onto the wagon, mother would tramp it down to see that she could- and place it- ...

He used to have stone fences, yes. He'd have uh- he'd have stone fences, but uh, my father uh- I think it must have been pretty well fenced when my father bought it because I can't recall of him working too much with the fences.

But if you can sit and listen to him, you're bound to learn something from him. Whether you, ah, agree with him or not. And if you know him well enough you can bang it out pretty well, together.

Speaker: Ah, I generally kept the roosters for themselves and killed them and sold them, you-know? Interviewer: And now (inc) pullets (inc). Speaker: Now pullets are? Interviewer: The new hens. Speaker: The young hens? Interviewer: Yes.

Houses were just wired for lights and, ah, he lo-- he was talking to a group of men and he said, "You-know, the day will come when, ah, people will cook with, ah, the power here from the Chaudiere." They thought he was just a little- putting on the dog, you-see? He didn't say that they would heat and freeze and, ah, everything with electricity, you-know? So it just shows you how things come in- in, ah- one thing bigger than another, right?

Mother used to- ah, fix up, or be patching up quilts, she called, putting a quilt together, certain pattern. She'd work late at night, sewing by hand. And ah then they'd have their quilting-bee, and that was a kind of a little get-together.

Yes, ah, the s-- ah, ah, quite a few- if you go into- up into Darling, today you'll get farms where there's no rail fences hardly at all. They're all built with just stone dykes. (laughs)

Interviewer: You said rail fences. Did- would you use that name for any fence that's made out of- of wood? Speaker: Ah, well, out of wood, yes, or- that was, ah, that was- they used rail- rail fences or a log fence before we ever got wire. Interviewer: Mm-hm. Speaker: Yeah. Interviewer 1: Um- Speaker: Ah, generally cedar. Cedar rail.

Interviewer: What's the difference between a rail fence and a log fence? Speaker: Well, the- the log is the- is just the- the whole tree put down and they just took and put them up, ah- it took, ah, three logs to make a- a row, one on top of the other and- Interviewer: Yeah. Speaker: Crosses between them.

Speaker: Some of those logs, you-know, were, ah- were maybe twenty feet long for a panel- Interviewer: Uh-huh. Speaker: Type-of-thing. Interviewer: Are they the ones they put in a zig-zag? Speaker: No. No, those- Interviewer: That's- Speaker: That was rail. Rail fences that- that- Interviewer: Even when it was in a zig-zag shape? Speaker: Yes, that was all rails. Interviewer: I see.

Interviewer: No. What other sorts of fences, ah, did- did they make then? As- well, as well as the dikes? Speaker: Just the rail fences, you-know? Interviewer: Mm-hm. Speaker: You know what rail fences are like? Interviewer: I've seen a lot of different, um, styles of them. Speaker: Mm-hm. Interviewer: Around here. Now there's one that goes sort of zig-zag. ...

Speaker: But they call them a stump fence. Interviewer: It would be mainly rock fences or um snake fences. Speaker: Yeah. W-- ah- Interviewer: M-- why? Speaker: A rail fence is we used to call them, but then there was the rail fence, they made them into the crab fence or the shed fence, or then there was another one they called the draper fence around here. How it got the name of Draper, because there was a Draper man that started to build it.

Interviewer: When um- when farms were cleared and um, these roots of the trees were dugout and-so-on, they were sometimes used to make fences. Speaker: Oh y- oh, yes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What were they called, those fences? Speaker: That's what I'm trying to think. Rail. Was it a rail fence we called it? Interviewer: Yes, I think the ones that you were speaking of that your father had were rail fences.

Speaker: Or put in fencing material, and they'd go fencing. The auger for boring the post-holes, the s-- wire, a stretch of the wire itself. The hammers and everything-like-that. Interviewer: Mm-hm. Mm-hm. What ah, what kind of wire fences would these be that you're thinking of? Speaker: Ah well there was the ah barbed-wire fences, we had an ah- an- all the- of the ah- our farm was a corner lot that was roads on both sides, and we had wire fencing and on the left, but then um ah the other was split um poles, and they called it railed-fence. Some of them were log fences, too.

Roller. That was for rolling the ground after the field were sown, to make them smooth. And minder, for cutting the grown. Mower, for mowing the hay. Horse (inc). Of course now there would be the- what they called the reaper, that came in before the- that was before the minder.

When I was a boy working on the farm we cradled all the grain by hand, ah, the women- usually the women, ah, raked it up and tied it by hand and- into sheaves. Stook it up. Now, of course, they have- then next come the reaper. Ah, they just cut- cut it and laid it in bundles but they didn't tie it. Then came the binder and they tied it. Then came the binder with the sheaf-carrier and they carried the sheaves into, ah, six and dropped them off for a stook.

Interviewer: When you were on your, ah- on your father's farm, um, did you ever cut hay up there? Speaker: Yes. Interviewer: How do you- how do you do that? How did you used to do it? Speaker: With the mowing machine. And we had the first old reaper. You don't remember the reaper, do-you? It made a beautiful job of handling grain. You-know, they used to have to use the cradle.