Yeah, they're all Scotch up there.

Speaker: But the- on the other side they were Scotch. Interviewer: Mm. Speaker: See, it was just a- the Scotch girl married the English fellow. And he was a stowaway on the boat.

And they were- were- the Scotch and i-- the Irish were fighting back and forth. The Scotch and English, they were back and forth all night.

Ah, there was an old Scotchman who used to be round here, and, ah, he used to like to get a few scotches inside too, and he used to come into the m-- sh-- barbershop there, and, ah, he had false teeth and when he get a few drinks the false teeth would fall down, bless his heart, and, ah, he'd get up beside me and he'd say, "You should be Scotch. You should be Scotch. But the trouble is that you are not Scotch," he says, ah, "You were run out of Scotland for stealing sheep." (laughs) He used to tell us this, you-know.

Interviewer: Um, what would you call the second crop of hay from the field that you get in one season? Speaker: Well, it'd be the second cut. ... That has to be clover or alfalfa, you wouldn't get timothy-hay (inc) give you the second crop. Have to be a clover (inc).

But ah we do-- we don't have too much alfalfa. I get an alfalfa now, you grow in low ground. ... But up 'til now, it had to be on high land. And you got a second cut off it. ... We ah- always put that in for the young cows in the wintertime. It's just like green grass you-know, it's lovely. Awful good feed.

Interviewer: Did your father ever get more than one crop of hay from a field? Speaker: Yes, he would get second cut but sometimes he needed it for the cattle to graze on if the- if the fall was late. Sometimes he- he cut it again and brought it in.

The Kipawa and Black-River were in Quebec. Now, I- now, most of my shantying on the Black-River-

Ah, and some- Dad shantied a lot on the Quebec side, up by Temiskaming, and-all-that.

... it was there, but this shaft was there, and that was revolving in the same as the- as the flywheel, with the- and (inc), for cutting the corn. And of course this corn had to be fed by hand, it stood on a- on a little platform, and you pulled the sheaves off the corn and fed them into the corn cutter, there wasn't- there wasn't more than three or four men at this thing, and just heaving them off.

And we'd tie that pole there and when we put- we or- wire like you-know across, and we'd stand this other pole in it and we'd take the corn and we'd put the stoops, like the sheaves. ... Up close on opposite each other.

Speaker: Cradle the grain. And very often the man's wife brought the youngsters out if they had them to the field and, ah, the older ones looked after the younger ones on a blanket in the field. Interviewer: Mm-hm. Speaker: And the woman bound the grain into sheaves. Interviewer: Mm-hm. Speaker: Behind them. Interviewer: When the grain had been bound up into sheaves, to let it dry out on the field, what did they do with it? Speaker: Well, they stooked it up. In stooks. Put about, ah, eight shea-- sheaves in- in a row.

Interviewer: Ah, for a- Speaker: For a- a stook. That's what they called, ah- the- the shea-- the sheaves when they're standing up, you-see, to dry and finish. Stook of wheat, stook of rye, stook of, ah- Interviewer: Right. Speaker: They carried the sheaves. Then came the, ah- the, ah, ah, threshing mills.

Well, there are- there are to- everything has changed, you-know, in the old days. When I was a boy working on the farm we cradled all the grain by hand, ah, the women- usually the women, ah, raked it up and tied it by hand and- into sheaves. Stook it up. Now, of course, they have- then next come the reaper. Ah, they just cut- cut it and laid it in bundles but they didn't tie it. Then came the binder and they tied it. Then came the binder with the sheaf-carrier and they carried the sheaves into, ah, six and dropped them off for a stook.

Speaker: Below we had the animals. Interviewer: Yeah, right. Speaker: And (inc). And the grain, we used to take the binder, cut it and put it into sheaves, stook it out in the field and then go along. Maybe, well (inc) years, the stook thrashed, there was a bunch come with the teams on the wagons, you-know, and tractor had been at the mill here, threshing-mill, they threshed it.

Interviewer: What- what is the bundle called then? Speaker: Well (inc) did you bundle them, put them (inc) up. I can't remember. I think we just bundled them up. Interviewer: Yeah. Speaker: Cut the sheaves and put them in bunches. Stick them together. Interviewer: Yeah.

Speaker: A rolling machine, yes. Interviewer: Tie it- tie it up. Speaker: Mm-hm, that's right. Interviewer: Now that just throws the bundle out doesn't it? Speaker: Right out I guess. It grounds (inc). Interviewer: Yeah. Speaker: Raises them up. Stooked up sheaves (inc). (laughs) Interviewer: These- you stooked the sheaves, that means- Speaker: Mm-hm. Interviewer: That you put the (inc)- Speaker: Oh, I guess it was maybe twelve sheaves to a bundle, you-know. Interviewer: Yeah. Speaker: Mm-hm.

Speaker: The binders would show- throw the sheaves out. Interviewer: Right. Speaker: Yes and then we'd pick them up and put them- I think it was pretty much twelve sheaves to a bundle. Mm-hm. Interviewer: Mm-hm.

Interviewer: And, ah, what did you do with them? What- what do you call those little bundles? Speaker: Ah, the sheaf. Interviewer: And then what- what did you do with the sheaves? Speaker: Well, they just dropped them right along as they- as you tied them. And then you come along and stook them.

Speaker: And then they had a rake. And the grain at that time was nearly all cut with a r-- reaper. Big thing come around and shoved off a sheaf at a time. Then to follow it up we tied that by hand. Interviewer: Tied them up into what? Speaker: Tied them in be-- in the sheafs you-see. Take a- take some of the grain and- Interviewer: Mm-hm. Speaker: Make a band.