There's still that are some here from the early years but people have added on or buffed them up and it looks much better than it did one time because ah, you-know again the old mining town and you'd have families of ten, twelve, fourteen living in a small house. (Laughs) Hand-to-mouth existing in those days, eh? Interviewer: Yeah exactly. Speaker: Yeah. You can go straight down. I don't know if you remember the old swimming pool down here or not.

Interviewer: You had lost your husband I-think at that point. Speaker: Yes I had. Yes. Mm-hm. Yeah. That was when I was doing my own thing, yep. Interviewer 1: That must have been difficult. Speaker: Yes it was. Because you-know when we were at the Billiard farm, you never got great wages, or you just got hand-to-mouth sort-of-thing, to keep going. And ah, it was just when ah, I-guess it was when they started the um, what do you call the family allowance that they got every month?

...so he and I worked in this hospital and our combined years were ninety-one- ninety-one years. And it was- it was a happy ship, and we- we had a wonderful time with people like Bill-Alman and John-Lowell and Stan-Marks and Jack-Bishop and-

So we didn't have to spend a lot of money on rent and- (inc) and we had a- a happy family and the hospital was a happy ship in those days. So many people that were- we were all good friends.

Well, it had its effect. There were students that were coming from homes that were pretty hard up. And the effect it had that we had a lot of students in school that we normally wouldn't have had you see.

Some of the kids on the- in the area were uh- oh I remember one family- two families in particular that were really, pretty hard up, 'cause they 're- no body working, you-know, they were getting the thing. Even Dad when he had the- had this house built, of course we were living in the new one, he was renting the other one.

And I know when I joined the Air-Force, fortunately it was getting to the point that they 're getting a little hard-up for air crew. At one time, you had to have your senior-matric, or high-school graduation, to go be a pilot or navigator.

Right? I don 't understand it. And you think of all the people that are hard up, are starving to death, and you see these people wasting their money like that, and you- just makes me sick. And I think about all these tsunami victims that could use that money, you-know?

But ah oh well ah ah we- we weren't that hard up for food by th-- by that time of course. We'd be- be back a bit by then.

Well, it was a lot of hard up days. Money wasn't too plentiful. You made due with what you had, ah if there was meat to be eat, it was generally a deer. Even though it was out of season.

Interviewer: Is there- a special name for these- these different types of ploughs? Speaker: Oh well yeah, this here is what you call a riding plough. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Speaker: That looks like a two-for a plough there. This'd be a disc. Interviewer: Mm-hm. Speaker: Disc-harrow, they were called. This here is the- what they would call the walking plough.

Interviewer: Ah, what other types of horse-drawn machinery would you have? Speaker: Oh, well, or- all kinds. Heavens, there was the disk harrow, and there'd be a harrow. Roller. That was for rolling the ground after the field were sown, to make them smooth. And minder, for cutting the grown. Mower, for mowing the hay. Horse (inc).

Speaker: And he'd disk it all up, like in ready for- and then he'd take the harrows and he'd go to the harrows, and then he'd take the cedar and he'd seed them. Interviewer: Mm-hm. Speaker: And ah then he'd harrow again. And c-- to cover the grain like this. Interviewer: Mm-hm. Speaker: It was a lot of work on the farm. But ah we never had a tractor on our place at all.

Speaker: And he'd disk it all up, like in ready for- and then he'd take the harrows and he'd go to the harrows, and then he'd take the cedar and he'd seed them. Interviewer: Mm-hm. Speaker: And ah then he'd harrow again. And c-- to cover the grain like this. Interviewer: Mm-hm. Speaker: It was a lot of work on the farm. But ah we never had a tractor on our place at all.

Speaker: Ah, we- it was pretty rough job ploughing it but they- Interviewer: Mm-hm. Speaker: They used ploughs. And, ah, ah, at the- the very first, all I had was ploughs and a drag harrow. Just drew by horses.

Speaker: Well, I guess, ah, they're- where they- they ploughed it out of, they called that the furrow and ah, I know- I don't know what else we'd say. Interviewer: Yeah. And then you said you used a- a harrow drag next? Speaker: Yes, just a drag harrow. Interviewer: A drag harrow. Speaker: Drag harrow. Interviewer: Sorry, I got the- (laughs) I didn't know that. And what would that do? Speaker: Well that levelled, you see. Interviewer: Yeah. Speaker: It was just- ah, the harrow, it had teeth. Interviewer: Yes. Speaker: Ah, it was an iron affair. Well, in fact there was a- the very first there was- was a sheet of pins roll down through a wooden- ah, wood. And, ah, made- but the- the drag harrow, it had teeth on both- that'd be six inches long.

Interviewer: Did you ever had to clear, ah, fields to get it ready for, ah- for planting? Do you remember doing that? Speaker: Oh yes. No, the women didn't do that. Interviewer: No, that was- that would be- Speaker: That was ploughing (inc) harrowing and all that-sort-of-thing. Interviewer: Mm. No, I meant even before that when it was just, um, sort of- Speaker: Sod.

Speaker: Well, we just go in- and when it sort of- there- ploughs would plough it all up and pick any stones there were, place them on the dikes, you then plough your land or then harrow it. Interviewer: Mm-hm. Speaker: Harrowing is kind of just to- to smooth it all, you-know?

Interviewer: Oh so you just say that that field's been ploughed. Speaker: Mm-hm. Interviewer: And then back- Speaker: Broken up. Interviewer: Mm? Speaker: Broken up. Interviewer: Mm-hm. Speaker: Mm-hm. Interviewer: And then after that you said you'd use the harrow? Speaker: The harrow or the- or the- or the, ah, disk.

Speaker: The harrow or the- or the- or the, ah, disk. Interviewer: Yeah. Speaker: However if you used the disk sometimes there was a (inc) Interviewer: Did they both do the same thing? Speaker: Oh yes. Well now, I don't know. I think maybe the- the disk went- the harrow smoothes them over. Interviewer: So like- Speaker: Yes. Interviewer: Running a- Speaker: But this cuts them up finely. Interviewer: Mm-hm. Speaker: Gets them all ready for grain.