... if they were sowing by hand they could spread the seed and it wouldn't- ah, th-- the plough f-- furrow would be turned up, so they didn't lose the seed. Then if they harrowed the top off, they could go ah- now that's a while ago, but that's the way you're thinking.

... through the summer, you went out there and that's what you did, you split wood. There was always something on the go. If you weren't cleaning out calf pens or harrowing or-whatever, you split wood and piled it up in a pile. Let it sun dry. And then the- the- he also came with an old cut-box. And nobody has them anymore, they've got forage harvesters and-all-the-rest-of-it.

Interviewer 1: Now you mentioned another word when you were talking about that. Harrow. Harrowing. Speaker: Yeah. Interviewer 1: What's that? Speaker: Well it's not the same harrowing as what you get now. Because i-- you get harrowed now with the government (laughs) Interviewer 2: (laughs) Speaker: The- y-- y-- the harrows- Interviewer 2: Like harrow (inc) Speaker: Norma-- normally the- it was ah, i-- in a diamond shape. And they're like spikes. They'd be- if they weren't wore down they'd be about that long. Interviewer 1: Yeah. Speaker: So you had a- a grid of steel this way, and then this way. And in the corners of the diamonds was all the pegs for the harrows. And what your harrows did, if- and this i-- when they changed um- when they changed things around and w-- got rid of the horses, and got tractors, if you're driving through the country now you can see all kinds of steep old hills and where there was fence bottoms.

Interviewer 1: Now you mentioned another word when you were talking about that. Harrow. Harrowing. Speaker: Yeah. Interviewer 1: What's that? Speaker: Well it's not the same harrowing as what you get now. Because i-- you get harrowed now with the government (laughs) Interviewer 2: (laughs) Speaker: The- y-- y-- the harrows- Interviewer 2: Like harrow (inc) Speaker: Norma-- normally the- it was ah, i-- in a diamond shape. And they're like spikes. They'd be- if they weren't wore down they'd be about that long. Interviewer 1: Yeah. Speaker: So you had a- a grid of steel this way, and then this way. And in the corners of the diamonds was all the pegs for the harrows. And what your harrows did, if- and this i-- when they changed um- when they changed things around and w-- got rid of the horses, and got tractors, if you're driving through the country now you can see all kinds of steep old hills and where there was fence bottoms.

Speaker: ... plough it with the horses and when you out in the spring, as soon as you- they call it tickling-the-top-off with a hose- with a hose- Interviewer: Tickling-the-top-off? Speaker: And that- that (inc) up enough and it started to dry and- and you go out and harrowed a bit and it started to dry up and when it dried up a bit, then you take- and- and if you wanted to cultivate it well then, that dug in a little bit more but if you took your cultivator out first ...

Speaker: She stayed in the- on the farm and-that so we were in those farms so I used to harrow and- not so much harrow. I rowed and I row-- yeah, I-guess I did harrow. Interviewer: Harrow t-- Speaker: Yeah, I did the harrowing and-that after the- Interviewer: Sometimes we get together on it (inc)- Speaker: After he did the sowing and then- Interviewer: You'd roll (inc). Speaker: I did the rolling and sow and-

But then later years if you had to go for the cows it was different because they always give them, ah, a nibble of hash when they brought them in or a meal of some kind and that brought the- they'd come when you call them.

You could say we four farmers go together, we'll buy this little mill and we do our own- took four men to run it and oh we'll do our own- do yours today and mine tomorrow and, ah, next week we'll make our flour for the year and, ah- same with feed for the- hash for the pigs and the- and the cattle and milking and the horses and anything.

Interviewer: They eat the whey? Speaker: Well, yes, you'd mix that with hash, you-know, or provender for pigs.

Interviewer: Did they keep- ate scraps from the- the house as well? Speaker: Oh yes, you'd give them anything you had in the house. Not very much but always bran or hash or (inc) or something like that.

Interviewer: What did you feed chickens? Speaker: Well now, I just forget. We used to feed them a lot of scraps from the house- Interviewer: Mm-hm. Speaker: And um, uh, maybe a- a bit of oats and uh, loose oats and uh, I can't remember. Maybe um, a bit of my father's hash that he may be feeding the pigs.

Interviewer: What did you feed the pigs? Speaker: Oh, hash, ground grain, usually, and ah any ah waste milk.

Then he sold oats, and o-- made hash, fed the horses some, and hash for the ah, some for the cat- cows, maybe.

Speaker: Never heard of pig-weed? Oh well, that's a thing- kind-of a long red roof- root on it. And it grows pretty fast here and there. They like that. They- n-- old fat hen, stuff-like-that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Speaker: So it was always- ah, that saved buying too much grain or-that for hash for them. So we kept nice- Dad knew- really knew how to raise pigs, he always had select pigs.

Speaker 1: Did you not take hash or- Speaker 2: Well, I took them down to Ball's. He had the grist-mill.

And another time there was two guys came in and, ah, they said, "Do you sell hash?" I said, "Yes." "Ah, how- how- what the- how much?" And I said, "In a hundred pound bag." "And how much?" And I said, "Well, six-ninety-five." or-something. And they looked at each other. And I said, "You want pig feed, don't you?" And they kind of, "Well, we heard that there was drugs being sold out of the store." And I said, "Well, maybe you should check the other one."

Well, he would go to town. Um, now, when we had a car, mother would possibly go and uh, she would bring a bag of um, hash home from the griss-mill or my father would take uh, the horses and uh, and the wagon and bring a couple of bags home, of hash and then you would mix it with uh, skim milk at the barn. We always separated our milk. You would mix that with the skim milk and it made beautiful pork it was very tasty. Interviewer: Mm-hm. Was there a place to put the pigs food? Speaker: Yes, you always kept it in some corner pretty well covered by itself so that if a cow or-anything got loose or if one of the animals got loose, it would't get into the hash, they love hash.

Million of performers in town that weekend, and we were just having a gas, everybody 's just- ah we had ah, the Executive-Ho--Motel, rented on King-Street at King-and- Bathurst there, and everyone came to party

And they were having a high old time along the purlin plate. Doing something along there, they were talking away to themselves, having a picnic so I thought, "K, time- I'm wasting time here. Might as well go see what's in this dish."

Interviewer: Ah, what call would you make to the team to turn? Speaker: Gee or haw. If you wanted to go right, you'd say "gee." And for left, it'd be "haw."